lwj, ;wlqQ+
lwj, ;wlqQ+ eDdk esa ukft+y gqvk vkSj bldh ,d lkS X;kjg ¼111½ vk;rsa gSa
¼eSa½ ml [+k+qnk ds uke ls ¼Óq# djrk gw¡½ tks cM+k esgjcku fugk;r jge okyk gS
vfyQ+ yke jk ;s okt+s, o jkS’ku fdrkc dh vk;rsa gS ¼1½

geus bl fdrkc ¼d+qjku½ dks vjch esa ukft+y fd;k gS rkfd rqe le>ks ¼2½
¼,s jlwy½ ge rqe ij ;s d+qjku ukft+y djds rqe ls ,d fugk;r mEnk fd+Llk c;ku djrs gSa vxjps rqe blds igys ¼mlls½ fcYdqy cs[k+cj Fks ¼3½
¼og oD+r ;kn djks½ tc ;wlwQ us vius cki ls dgk ,s vCck eSus X;kjg flrkjksa vkSj lwjt pk¡n dks ¼[+okc esa½ ns[kk gS eSus ns[kk gS fd ;s lc eq>s ltnk dj jgs gSa ¼4½
;kd+wc us dgk ,s csVk ¼ns[kks [k+cjnkj½ dgha viuk [+okc vius HkkbZ;ksa ls u nksgjkuk ¼ojuk½ og yksx rqEgkjs fy, eDdkjh dh rnchj djus yxsxsa blesa rks Ód gh ugha fd ÓSrku vkneh dk [kqyk gqvk nq’eu gS ¼5½
vkSj ¼tks rqeus ns[kk gS½ ,slk gh gksxk fd rqEgkjk ijojfnxkj rqedks cjxqt+hnk ¼bT+trnkj½ djsxk vkSj rqEgsa [+okcks dh rkchj fl[kk,xk vkSj ftl rjg blls igys rqEgkjs nknk ijnknk bcjkghe vkSj blgkd+ ij viuh usver iwjh dj pqdk gS vkSj blh rjg rqe ij vkSj ;kd+wc dh vkSykn ij viuh usver iwjh djsxk cs’kd rqEgkjk ijojfnxkj cM+k okfd+Qdkj gdhe gS ¼6½
¼,s jlwy½ ;wlqQ vkSj muds Hkkb;ksa ds fdLls esa iwNus okys ¼;gwn½ ds fy, ¼rqEgkjh uqcwor½ dh ;d+huu cgqr lh fu’kkfu;k¡ gSa ¼7½
fd tc ¼;wlwQ ds Hkkb;ksa us½ dgk fd ckotwn fd gekjh cM+h tekvr gS fQj Hkh ;wlqQ+ vkSj mldk gdhd+h HkkbZ ¼bCus ;kehu½ gekjs okfyn ds ut+nhd cgqr T+;knk I;kjs gSa blesa dqN Ód ugha fd gekjs okfyn ;d+huu ljhgh ¼[kqyh gq;h½ x+yrh esa iM+s gSa ¼8½
¼[k+Sj rks vc equkflc ;s gS fd ;k rks½ ;qlwQ dks ekj Mkyks ;k ¼de ls de½ mldks fdlh txg ¼py dj½ Qsad vkvks rks vycÙkk rqEgkjs okfyn dh roTtks flQZ rqEgkjh rjQ gks tk,xk vkSj mlds ckn rqe lcds lc ¼cki dh rotTtks ls½ Hkys vkneh gks tkvksxsa ¼9½
muesa ls ,d dgus okyk cksy mBk fd ;wlqQ dks tku ls rks u ekjks gk¡ vxj rqedks ,slk gh djuk gS rks mldks fdlh vU/ks dq,¡ esa ¼ys tkdj½ Mky nks dksbZ jkgxhj mls fudkydj ys tk,xk ¼vkSj rqEgkjk eryc gkfly gks tk,xk½ ¼10½
lc us ¼;kd+wc ls½ dgk vCck tku vkf[k+j mldh D;k otg gS fd vki ;wlqQ ds ckjs esa gekjk ,srckj ugha djrs ¼11½
gkykWfd ge yksx rks mlds [k+Sj [+okg ¼Hkyk pkgus okys½ gSa vki mldks dqy gekjs lkFk Hkst nhft, fd t+jk ¼taxy½ ls Qy oxS+jg~ [kk, vkSj [ksys dwns ¼12½
vkSj ge yksx rks mlds fuxsgcku gSa gh ;kd+wc us dgk rqEgkjk mldks ys tkuk eq>s l[+r lnek igq¡pkuk gS vkSj eS rks blls Mjrk gw¡ fd rqe lc ds lc mlls cs[k+cj gks tkvks vkSj ¼eqcknk½ mls HksfM+;k QkM+ [kk, ¼13½
og yksx dgus yxs tc gekjh cM+h tekvr gS ¼bl ij Hkh½ vxj mldks HksfM+;k [kk tk, rks ge yksx ;d+huu cM+s ?kkVk mBkus okys ¼fudyrs½ Bgjsxsa ¼14½
x+jt+ ;wlqQ dks tc ;s yksx ys x, vkSj bl ij bRrsQ+kd+ dj fy;k fd mldks vU/ks dq,¡ esa Mky nsa vkSj ¼vkf[k+j ;s yksx xqt+js rks½ geus ;qlqQ+ ds ikl ^ogh* Hksth fd rqe ?kcjkvks ugha ge vud+jhc rqEgsa ejrcs ¼m¡ps edke½ ij igq¡pk,xs ¼rc rqe½ muds ml Qsy ¼cn½ ls rEchg ¼vkx+kg½ djksxs ¼15½
tc mUgsa dqN /;ku Hkh u gksxk vkSj ;s yksx jkr dks vius cki ds ikl ¼cuoV½ ls jksrs ihVrs gq, vk, ¼16½
vkSj dgus yxs ,s vCck ge yksx rks tkdj nkSM+us yxs vkSj ;wlqQ dks vius vlckc ds ikl NksM+ fn;k brus esa HksfM+;k vkdj mls [kk x;k ge yksx vxj lPps Hkh gks exj vkidks rks gekjh ckr dk ;d+hu vkus dk ugha ¼17½

vkSj ;s yksx ;wlqQ ds dqjrs ij >wB ewB ¼HksM+½ dk [kwu Hkh ¼yxk ds½ yk, Fks] ;kd+wc us dgk ¼HksfM+;k us gh [kk;k ¼cfYd½ rqEgkjs fny us rqEgkjs cpkvks ds fy, ,d ckr x<+h ojuk dqrkZ QVk gqvk t+#j gksrk fQj lcz o ÓqØ gS vkSj tks dqN rqe c;ku djrs gks ml ij [+k+qnk gh ls enn ek¡xh tkrh gS ¼18½
vkSj ¼[+k+qnk dh Óku ns[kks½ ,d dkQ+yk ¼ogk¡½ vkdj mrjk mu yksxksa us vius lD+ds ¼ikuh Hkjus okys½ dks ¼ikuh Hkjus½ Hkstk x+jt+ mlus viuk Mksy Mkyk gh Fkk ¼fd ;wlqQ mlesa cSBs vkSj mlus [k+hpk rks fudy vk,½ og iqdkjk vkgk ;s rks yM+dk gS vkSj dkQyk okyks us ;wlqQ dks d+herh ljek;k le>dj fNik j[kk gkykWfd tks dqN ;s yksx djrs Fks [k+qnk mlls [k+wc okfdQ Fkk ¼19½
¼tc ;wlqQ ds Hkkb;ksa dks [k+cj yxh rks vk igq¡ps vkSj mudks viuk x+qyke crk;k vkSj mu yksxksa us ;wlqQ dks fxurh ds [kksVs pUn njge ¼cgqr FkksM+s nke ij csp Mkyk½ vkSj og yksx rks ;wlqQ ls cst+kj gks gh jgs Fks ¼20½
¼;wlqQ dks ysdj feò igq¡ps vkSj ogk¡ mls cM+s uQs+ eas csp Mkyk½ vkSj feò ds yksxksa ls ¼vt+hts+ feò½ ftlus ¼mudks [k+jhnk Fkk viuh choh ¼t+qys[k+k½ ls dgus yxk bldks bT+t+r o vkc# ls j[kks vtc ugha ;s gesa dqN uQk igq¡pk, ;k ¼’kk;n½ bldks viuk csVk gh cuk ysa vkSj ;w geus ;wlqQ dks eqYd ¼feò½ esa ¼txg nsdj½ d+kfct+ cuk;k vkSj x+jt+ ;s Fkh fd geus mls [+okc dh ckrksa dh rkchj fl[kk;h vkSj [+k+qnk rks vius dke ij ¼gj rjg ds½ x+kfyc o d+kfnj gS exj cgqrsjs yksx ¼mldks½ ugha tkurs ¼21½
vkSj tc ;wlqQ viuh tokuh dks igq¡ps rks geus mudks gqDe ¼uqcwor½ vkSj bYe vrk fd;k vkSj usdh dkjksa dks ge ;w¡ gh cnyk fn;k djrs gSa ¼22½
vkSj ftl vkSjr t+qys[kk ds ?kj esa ;wlqQ jgrs Fks mlus vius ¼uktk;t+½ eryc gkfly djus ds fy, [+kqn muls vkjt+w dh vkSj lc njokt+s cUn dj fn, vkSj ¼cs rkuk½ dgus yxh yks vkvks ;wlqQ us dgk ekt+vYykg og ¼rqEgkjs fe;k¡½ esjk ekfyd gSa mUgksaus eq>s vPNh rjg j[kk gS eS ,slk t+qYe D;ksa dj ldrk gw¡ cs’kd ,slk t+qYe djus okys Qykg ugha ikrs ¼23½
t+qys[kk us rks muds lkFk ¼cqjk½ bjknk dj gh fy;k Fkk vkSj vxj ;s Hkh vius ijojfnxkj dh nyhu u ns[k pqds gksrs rks d+Ln dj cSBrs ¼geus mldks ;w¡ cpk;k½ rkfd ge mlls cqjkbZ vkSj cndkjh dks nwj j[ks+ cs’kd og gekjs [k+kfyl cUnksa esa ls Fkk ¼24½
vkSj nksuksa njokts+ dh rjQ >iV iM+s vkSj t+qys[k+k ¼us ihNs ls mudk dqrkZ idM+ dj [khpk vkSj½ QkM+ Mkyk vkSj nksuksa us t+qys[kk ds [k+kfoUn dks njokt+s ds ikl [kM+k ik;k t+qys[k+k >V ¼vius ÓkSgj ls½ dgus yxh fd tks rqEgkjh chch ds lkFk cndkjh dk bjknk djs mldh lt+k blds flok vkSj dqN ugha fd ;k rks dS+n dj fn;k tk, ¼25½
;k nnZukd vt+kc esa eqfCryk dj fn;k tk, ;wlqQ us dgk mlus [+kqn ¼eq>ls esjh vkjt+w dh Fkh vkSj t+qys[k+k½ ds dqUcs okyksa esa ls ,d xokgh nsus okys ¼nw/k ihrs cPps½ us xokgh nh fd vxj mudk dqrkZ vkxs ls QVk gqvk gks rks ;s lPph vkSj og >wBs ¼26½
vkSj vxj mudk dqrkZ ihaNs ls QVk gqvk gks rks ;s >wBh vkSj og lPps ¼27½
fQj tc vt+hts+ feò us mudk dqrkZ ihNs ls QVk gqvk ns[kk rks ¼viuh vkSjr ls½ dgus yxk ;s rqe gh yksxksa ds pyRrj gS mlesa Ód ugha fd rqe yksxksa ds pyRrj cM+s ¼x+t+c ds½ gksrs gSa ¼28½
¼vkSj ;wlqQ ls dgk½ ,s ;wlqQ bldks tkus nks vkSj ¼vkSjr ls dgk½ fd rw vius xqukg dh ekQh ek¡x D;ksafd cs’kd rw gh ljrkik [k+rkokj gS ¼29½
vkSj Ógj ¼feò½ esa vkSjrsa ppkZ djus yxh fd vt+ht+ ¼feò½ dh chch vius x+qyke ls ¼uktk;t+½ eryc gkfly djus dh vkjt+w eUn gS cs’kd xqyke us mls myQr esa yqHkk;k gS ge yksx rks ;d+huu mls ljhgh x+yrh esa eqfCryk ns[krs gSa ¼30½
rks tc t+qys[k+k us muds rkus lqus rks ml us mu vkSjrksa dks cqyk Hkstk vkSj muds fy, ,d etfyl vkjkLrk dh vkSj mlesa ls gj ,d ds gkFk esa ,d Nqjh vkSj ,d ¼ukjaxh½ nh ¼vkSj dg fn;k fd tc rqEgkjs lkeus vk, rks dkV ds ,d Q+kd mldks ns nsuk½ vkSj ;wlqQ+ ls dgk fd vc buds lkeus ls fudy rks tkvks rks tc mu vkSjrksa us mls ns[kk rks mlds cM+k glhu ik;k rks lc ds lc us ¼cs [kqnh esa½ vius vius gkFk dkV Mkys vkSj dgus yxh gk; vYykg ;s vkneh ugha gS ;s rks gks u gks cl ,d eqvft+t+ ¼bT+t+r okyk½ Q+fj’rk gS ¼31½
¼rc t+qys[k+k mu vkSjrksa ls½ cksyh fd cl ;s ogh rks gS ftldh cnkSyr rqe lc eq>s eyker ¼cqjk Hkyk½ djrh Fkha vkSj gk¡ cs’kd eSa mlls viuk eryc gkfly djus dh [kqn mlls vkjt+w eUn Fkh exj ;s cpk jgk vkSj ftl dke dk eSa gqDe nsrh gw¡ vxj ;s u djsxk rks t+#j d+Sn Hkh fd;k tk,xk vkSj t+yhy Hkh gksxk ¼;s lc ckrsa ;wlqQ us esjh ckjxkg esa½ vt+Z dh ¼32½
,s esjs ikyus okys ftl ckr dh ;s vkSjrs eq> ls [+okfg’k j[krh gSa mldh fuLor ¼cnys esa½ eq>s d+Sn [k+kuksa T+;knk ilUn gS vkSj vxj rw bu vkSjrksa ds Q+jsc eq>ls nQk u Qjek,xk rks ¼’kk;n½ eS mudh rjQ ek,y ¼>qd½ gks tk¡Å ys rks tkvks vkSj tkfgyksa ls Óqekj fd;k tkÅ¡ ¼33½
rks muds ijojfnxkj us mudh lqu yh vkSj mu vkSjrksa ds edj dks nQk dj fn;k blesa Ód ugha fd og cM+k lquus okyk okfd+Qdkj gS ¼34½
fQj ¼vt+ht+ feò vkSj mlds yksxksa us½ ckotwn ds ¼;wlqQ dh ikd nkfeuh dh½ fu’kkfu;k¡ ns[k yh Fkh mlds ckn Hkh mudks ;gh equkflc ekywe gqvk ¼35½
fd dqN fe;kn ds fy, mudks d+Sn gh djs nsa vkSj ;wlqQ ds lkFk vkSj Hkh nks toku vkneh ¼d+Sn [k+kus½ esa nkf[k+y gq, ¼pUn fnu ds ckn½ muesa ls ,d us dgk fd eSus [+okc esa ns[kk gS fd eS ¼’kjkc cukus ds okLrs vaxwj½ fupksM+ jgk gw¡ vkSj nwljs us dgk ¼eS us Hkh [+okc esa½ vius dks ns[kk fd eS vius lj ij jksfV;k mBk, gq, gw¡ vkSj fpfM+;k¡ mls [kk jgh gSa ¼;wlqQ½ gedks mldh rkchj ¼eryc½ crkvks D;ksafd ge rqedks ;d+huu usdh dkjksa ls le>rs gSa ¼36½
;wlqQ us dgk tks [kkuk rqEgsa ¼d+Sn [k+kus ls½ fn;k tkrk gS og vkus Hkh u ik,xk fd eS mlds rqEgkjs ikl vkus ds d+Cy gh rqEgs mldh rkchj crkÅ¡xk ;s rkchjs [+okc Hkh mu ckrksa ds lkFk gS tks esjs ijojfnxkj us eq>s rkyhe QjekbZ gS eSa mu yksxksa dk et+gc NksM+ cSBk gw¡ tks [k+qnk ij beku ugha ykrs vkSj og yksx vkf[k+jr ds Hkh eqfUdj gS ¼37½
vkSj eSa rks vius cki nknk bcjkghe o blgkd+ o ;kd+wc ds et+gc ij pyus okyk gw¡ equkflc ugha fd ge [k+qnk ds lkFk fdlh pht+ dks ¼mldk½ Ójhd cuk,¡ ;s Hkh [k+qnk dh ,d cM+h esgjckuh gS ge ij Hkh vkSj reke yksxksa ij exj cgqrsjs yksx mldk ÓqfØ;k ¼Hkh½ vnk ugha djrs ¼38½
,s esjs dSn [k+kus ds nksuks jQhd+ksa ¼lkfFk;ksa½ ¼t+jk x+kSj rks djks fd½ Hkyk tqnk tqnk ekcwn vPNs ;k [+kqnk, ;drk t+cjnLr ¼vQlksl½ ¼39½
rqe yksx rks [k+qnk dks NksM+dj cl mu pUn ukeksa gh dks ijlfr’k djrs gks ftu dks rqeus vkSj rqEgkjs cki nknkvksa us x<+ fy;k gS [k+qnk us muds fy, dksbZ nyhy ugha ukft+y dh gqdwer rks cl [k+qnk gh ds okLrs [k+kl gS mlus rks gqDe fn;k gS fd mlds flok fdlh dh bcknr u djks ;gh lkh/kk nhu gS exj ¼vQlksl½ cgqrsjs yksx ugha tkurs gSa ¼40½
,s esjs d+Sn [k+kus ds nksuks jQhd+ks ¼vPNk vc rkchj lquks rqeesa ls ,d ¼ftlus vaxwj ns[kk fjgk gksdj½ vius ekfyd dks Ójkc fiykus dk dke djsxk vkSj ¼nwljk½ ftlus jksfV;k¡ lj ij ¼ns[kh gSa½ rks lwyh fn;k tk,xk vkSj fpfM+;k mlds lj ls ¼uksp uksp½ dj [kk,xh ftl vez dks rqe nksuksa nj;k¶r djrs Fks ¼og ;s gS vkSj½ QSlyk gks pqdk gS ¼41½
vkSj mu nksuksa esa ls ftldh fuLcr ;wlqQ us le>k Fkk og fjgk gks tk,xk mlls dgk fd vius ekfyd ds ikl esjk Hkh rt+fdjk djuk ¼fd eSa cstqeZ d+Sn gw¡½ rks ÓSrku us mls vius vkd+k ls ft+Ø djuk Hkqyk fn;k rks ;wlqQ d+Sn [k+kus esa dbZ cjl jgs ¼42½
vkSj ¼blh vluk ¼chp½ esa½ ckn’kkg us ¼Hkh [+okc ns[kk vkSj½ dgk eSus ns[kk gS fd lkr eksVh rkt+h xk, gSa mudks lkr nqcyh iryh xk; [kk, tkrh gSa vkSj lkr rkt+h lCt+ ckfy;kW ¼ns[kha½ vkSj fQj ¼lkr½ lw[kh ckfy;kW ,s ¼esjs njckj ds½ ljnkjksa vxj rqe yksxksa dks [+okc dh rkchj nsuh vkrh gks rks esjs ¼bl½ [+okc ds ckjs esa gqDe yxkvks ¼43½
mu yksxksa us vt+Z dh fd ;s rks ¼dqN½ [+okc ijs’kkW ¼lk½ gS vkSj ge yksx ,sls [+okc ¼ijs’kkW½ dh rkchj rks ugha tkurs gSa ¼44½
vkSj ftlus mu nksuksa esa ls fjgkbZ ikbZ Fkh ¼lkdh½ vkSj mldks ,d t+ekus ds ckn ¼;wlqQ dk fd+Llk½ ;kn vk;k cksy mBk fd eq>s ¼d+Sn [k+kus rd½ tkus nhft, rks eSa mldh rkchj crk, nsrk gw¡ ¼45½
¼x+jt+ og x;k vkSj ;wlqQ ls dgus yxk½ ,s ;wlqQ ,s cM+s lPps ¼;wlqQ½ t+jk gesa ;s rks crkb, fd lkr eksVh rkt+h xk;ksa dks lkr iryh xk; [kk, tkrh gS vkSj lkr ckfy;kW gSa gjh dpok vkSj fQj ¼lkr½ lw[kh eqj>kbZ ¼bldh rkchj D;k gS½ rks eSa yksxksa ds ikl iyV dj tkÅ¡ ¼vkSj c;ku d#¡½ ¼46½
rkfd mudks Hkh ¼rqEgkjh d+nj½ ekywe gks tk, ;wlqQ us dgk ¼bldh rkchj ;s gS½ fd rqe yksx yxkrkj lkr cjl dk’rdkjh djrs jgksxs rks tks ¼Qly½ rqe dkVks ml ¼ds nkus½ dks ckfy;ksa esa jgus nsuk ¼NqM+kuk ugha½ exj FkksM+k ¼cgqr½ tks rqe [kqn [kkvks ¼47½
mlds ckn cM+s l[+r ¼[kq’d lkyh ¼lw[ks½ ds½ lkr cjl vk,Wxs fd tks dqN rqe yksxksa us mu lkrksa lky ds okLrs igys tek dj j[kk gksxk lc [kk tk,Wxsa exj cgqr FkksM+k lk tks rqe ¼cht ds okLrs½ cpk j[kksxs ¼48½
¼cl½ fQj mlds ckn ,d lky vk,xk ftlesa yksxksa ds fy, [kwc esag cjlsxh ¼vkSj vaxwj Hkh [kwc Qysxk½ vkSj yksx ml lky ¼mUgsa½ Ójkc ds fy, fupksM+sxsa ¼49½
¼;s rkchj lqurs gh½ ckn’kkg us gqDe fn;k fd ;wlqQ dks esjs gqt+wj esa rks ys vkvks fQj tc ¼’kkgh½ pkScnkj ¼;s gqDe ysdj½ ;wlqQ ds ikl vk;k rks ;qlwQ us dgk fd rqe viuh ljdkj ds ikl iyV tkvks vkSj muls iwNks fd ¼vki dks½ dqN mu vkSjrksa dk gky Hkh ekywe gS ftUgksus ¼eq>s ns[k dj½ vius vius gkFk dkV Mkys Fks fd ;k eSa mudk rkfyc Fkk ¼50½
;k og ¼esjh½ blesa rks Ód gh ugha fd esjk ijojfnxkj gh muds eØ ls [kw+c okfd+Q gS pqukUps ckn’kkg us ¼mu vkSjrksa dks ryc fd;k½ vkSj iwNk fd ftl oD+r rqe yksxksa us ;wlqQ ls viuk eryc gkfly djus dh [kqn mu ls reUuk dh Fkh rks gesa D;k ekeyk is’k vk;k Fkk og lc dh lc vtZ+ djus yxh gk’kk vYykg geus ;wlqQ esa rks fdlh rjg dh cqjkbZ ugha ns[kh ¼rc½ vt+ht+ feò dh chch ¼t+qys[k+k½ cksy mBh vc rw Bhd Bhd gky lc ij t+kfgj gks gh x;k ¼vly ckr ;s gS fd½ eSus [kqn mlls viuk eryc gkfly djus dh reUuk dh Fkh vkSj cs’kd og ;d+huu lPpk gS ¼51½
¼;s okfd+;k pkScnkj us ;wlqQ ls c;ku fd;k ¼;wlqQ us dgk½ ;s fd+Lls eSus blfy, NsM+k½ rkfd rqEgkjs ckn’kkg dks ekywe gks tk, fd eSus vt+ht+ dh x+Scr esa mldh ¼vekur esa [+k;kur ugha dh½ vkSj [+k+qnk [+k;kur djus okyksa dh eDdkjh gjfxt+ pyus ugha nsrk ¼52½
vkSj ¼;wW rks½ eS Hkh vius u¶l dks xqukgks ls cs ykSl ugha dgrk gw¡ D;ksafd ¼eSa Hkh c’kj gw¡ vkSj u¶l cjkcj cqjkbZ dh rjQ mHkkjrk gh gS exj ftl ij esjk ijojfnxkj jge Qjek, ¼vkSj xqukg ls cpk,½ ¼53½
blesa Ód ugha fd esjk ijojfnxkj cM+k c[+’kus okyk esgjcku gS vkSj ckn’kkg us gqDe fn;k fd ;wlqQ dks esjs ikl ys vkvks rks eSa mudks vius t+krh dke ds fy, [k+kl dj ywWxk fQj mlus ;wlqQ ls ckrsa dh rks ;wlqQ dh vkyk d+kcfy;r lkfcr gq;h ¼vkSj½ mlus gqDe fn;k fd rqe vkt ¼ls½ gekjs ljdkj esa ;d+hu ckod+kj ¼vkSj½ eqvrcj gks ¼54½
;wlqQ us dgk ¼tc vius esjh d+nj dh gS rks½ eq>s eqYdh [k+t+kuksa ij eqd+jZj dhft, D;ksafd eSa ¼mldk½ vekurnkj [k+t+kUph ¼vkSj½ mlds fglkc o fdrkc ls Hkh okfd+Q gw¡ ¼55½
¼x+jt+ ;wlqQ Ókgh [k+t+kuks ds vQlj eqd+jZj gq,½ vkSj geus ;wlqQ dks ;wW eqYd ¼feò½ ij d+kfct+ cuk fn;k fd mlesa tgk¡ pkgsa jgsa ge ftl ij pkgrs gSa viuk Qt+y djrs gSa vkSj geus usdks dkjks ds vtz dks vdkjr ugha djrs ¼56½
vkSj tks yksx beku yk, vkSj ijgst+xkjh djrs jgs muds fy, vkf[k+jr dk vtz mlh ls dgh csgrj gS ¼57½
¼vkSj pwWfd duvku esa Hkh dgr ¼lw[kk½ Fkk bl otg ls½ ;wlqQ ds ¼lkSrsys HkkbZ x+Yyk [k+jhnus dks feò esa½ vk, vkSj ;wlqQ ds ikl x, rks mudks QkSju gh igpku fy;k vkSj og yksx mudks u igpku lds ¼58½
vkSj tc ;wlqQ us muds ¼x+Yys dk½ lkeku nq:Lr dj fn;k vkSj og tkus yxs rks ;wlqQ+ us ¼muls dgk½ fd ¼vcdh vkuk rks½ vius lkSrsys HkkbZ dks ¼ftls ?kj NksM+ vk, gks½ esjs ikl ysrs vkuk D;k rqe ugha ns[krs fd eS ;d+huu uki Hkh iwjh nsrk gwW vkSj cgqr vPNk esgeku uokt+ Hkh gw¡ ¼59½
il vxj rqe mldks esjs ikl u ykvksxs rks rqEgkjs fy, u esjs ikl dqN u dqN ¼x+Yyk ox+Sjg½ gksxk ¼60½
u rqe yksx esjs d+jhc gh p<+us ikvksxs og yksx dgus yxs ge mlds okfyn ls mlds ckjs esa tkrs gh nj[+okLr djsaxs ¼61½
vkSj ge t+#j bl dke dks iwjk djsaxsa vkSj ;wlqQ us vius eqykft+eksa ¼ukSdjksa½ dks gqDe fn;k fd mudh ¼tek½ iwath muds cksjks esa ¼pwids ls½ j[k nks rkfd tc ;s yksx vius ,gyks ¼v;ky½ ds ikl ykSV dj tk,W rks viuh iwath dks igpku ys ¼62½
¼vkSj bl ykyp esa½ Ók;n fQj iyV ds vk,W x+jt+ tc ;s yksx vius okfyn ds ikl iyV ds vk, rks lc us feydj vt+Z dh ,s vCck gesa ¼vkbUnk½ xYys feyus dh eqekfuvr ¼euk½ dj nh xbZ gS rks vki gekjs lkFk gekjs HkkbZ ¼fcu ;kehu½ dks Hkst nhft, ¼63½
rkfd ge ¼fQj½ xYyk yk, vkSj ge mldh iwjh fgQkt+r djsxsa ;kd+wc us dgk eS mlds ckjs esa rqEgkjk ,srckj ugha djrk exj oSlk gh tSlk fd mlls igys mlds ekatk, ¼HkkbZ½ ds ckjs esa fd;k Fkk rks [+kqn mldk lcls csgrj fgQkt+r djus okyk gS vkSj ogh lc ls T+;knk jge djus okyk gS ¼64½
vkSj tc mu yksxksa us vius vius vlckc [kksys rks viuh viuh iwath dks ns[kk fd ¼oSls gh½ okil dj nh xbZ gS rks ¼vius cki ls½ dgus yxs ,s vCck gesa ¼vkSj½ D;k pkfg, ¼nsf[k,½ ;g gekjh tek iwath gesa okil ns nh x;h gS vkSj ¼x+Yyk eq¶r feyk vc bCus ;kehu dks tkus nhft, rks½ ge vius ,gyks v;ky ds okLrs x+Yyk yknsa vkSj vius HkkbZ dh iwjh fgQkt+r djsxsa vkSj ,d ckj Órj x+Yyk vkSj c<+ok yk,Wxsa ¼65½
;s tks vcdh nQk yk, Fks FkksM+k lk x+Yyk gS ;kdwc us dgk tc rd rqe yksx esjs lkeus [kqnk ls ,gn u dj yksxs fd rqe mldks t+#j eq> rd ¼lgh o lkfye½ ys vkvksxs exj gk¡ tc rqe [kqn f?kj tkvks rks etcwjh gS ojuk eS rqEgkjs lkFk gjfxt+ mldks u HkstwWxk fQj tc mu yksxksa us muds lkeus ,gn dj fy;k rks ;kd+wc us dgk fd ge yksx tks dg jgs gSa [k+qnk mldk t+kfeu gS ¼66½
vkSj ;kd+wc us ¼ulhgru pyrs oD+r csVks ls½ dgk ,s Qjt+Unksa ¼ns[kks [k+cjnkj½ lc ds lc ,d gh njokts+ ls u nkf[k+y gksuk ¼fd dgha ut+j u yx tk,½ vkSj eqrkQfjd+ ¼vyx vyx½ njokt+ksa ls nkf[k+y gksuk vkSj eS rqels ¼ml ckr dks tks½ [k+qnk dh rjQ ls ¼vk,½ dqN Vky Hkh ugha ldrk gqDe rks ¼vkSj vlyh½ [k+qnk gh ds okLrs gS eSus mlh ij Hkjkslk fd;k gS vkSj Hkjkslk djus okyksa dks mlh ij Hkjkslk djuk pkfg, ¼67½
vkSj tc ;s lc HkkbZ ftl rjg muds okfyn us gqDe fn;k Fkk mlh rjg ¼feò esa½ nkf[k+y gq, exj tks gqDe [k+qnk dh rjQ ls vkus dks Fkk mls ;kd+wc dqN Hkh Vky ugha ldrs Fks exj ¼gk¡½ ;kd+wc ds fny esa ,d reUuk Fkh ftls mUgksaus Hkh ;wW iwjk dj fy;k D;ksafd bles rks Ód ugha fd mls pwWfd geus rkyhe nh Fkh lkfgcs bYe t+#j Fkk exj cgqrsjs yksx ¼mlls Hkh½ okfd+Q ugha ¼68½
vkSj tc ;s yksx ;wlqQ ds ikl igq¡ps rks ;wlqQ us vius gd+hd+h ¼lxs½ HkkbZ dks vius ikl ¼cx+y esa½ txg nh vkSj ¼pqids ls½ ml ¼bCus ;kehu½ ls dg fn;k fd eS rqEgkjk HkkbZ ¼;wlqQ½ gw¡ rks tks dqN ¼cnlqywfd;k¡½ ;s yksx rqEgkjs lkFk djrs jgs gSa mldk jat u djks ¼69½
fQj tc ;wlqQ us mu dk lkt+ks lkeku lQj x+Yyk ¼ox+Sjg½ nq#Lr djk fn;k rks vius HkkbZ ds vlckc esa ikuh ihus dk dVksjk ¼;wlqQ ds b’kkjs½ ls j[kok fn;k fQj ,d equknh yydkj ds cksyk fd ,s d+kfQ+ys okyksa ¼gks u gks½ ;d+huu rqEgh yksx t+#j pksj gks ¼70½
;s lqu dj ;s yksx iqdkjus okyksa dh rjQ fHkM+ iM+s vkSj dgus yxs ¼vkf[k+j½ rqEgkjh D;k pht+ xqe gks xbZ gS ¼71½
mu yksxksa us tokc fn;k fd gesa ckn’kkg dk I;kyk ugha feyrk gS vkSj eS mldk t+kfeu gw¡ fd tks Ó[+l mldks yk gkft+j djsxk mldks ,d Å¡V ds cks> cjkcj ¼x+Yyk buke½ feysxk ¼72½
rc ;s yskx dgus yxs [k+qnk dh d+le rqe rks tkurs gks fd ¼rqEgkjs½ e+qYd esa ge Qlkn djus dh x+jt+ ls ugha vk, Fks vkSj ge yksx rks dqN pksj rks gSa ugha ¼73½
rc og eqykft+ehu cksys fd vxj rqe >wBs fudys rks fQj pksj dh D;k lt+k gksxh ¼74½
¼os /kM+d½ cksy mBs fd mldh lt+k ;s gS fd ftlds cksjs esa og ¼eky½ fudys rks ogh mldk cnyk gS ¼rks og eky ds cnys esa x+qyke cuk fy;k tk,½ ¼75½
ge yksx rks ¼vius ;gk¡½ t+kfyeksa ¼pksjksa½ dks blh rjg lt+k fn;k djrs gSa x+jt+ ;wlqQ us vius HkkbZ dk FkSyk [kksyus us ls d+Cy nwljs Hkkb;ksa ds FkSyksa ls ¼ryk’kh½ Óq# dh mlds ckn ¼vkf[k+j esa½ ml I;kys dks ;wlqQ us vius HkkbZ ds FkSys ls cjken fd;k ;wlqQ dks HkkbZ ds jksdus dh geus ;w rnchj crkb ojuk ¼ckn’kkg feò½ ds d+kuwu ds eqokfQd+ vius HkkbZ dks jksd ugha ldrs Fks exj gk¡ tc [k+qnk pkgs ge ftls pkgrs gSa mlds ntsZ cqyUn dj nsrs gSa vkSj ¼nqfu;k esa½ gj lkgcs bYe ls c<+dj ,d vkSj vkfye gS ¼76½
¼x+jt+½ bCus ;kehu jksd fy, x, rks ;s yksx dgus yxs vxj mlus pksjh dh rks ¼dkSu rkTtqc gS½ blds igys bldk HkkbZ ¼;wlqQ½ pksjh dj pqdk gS rks ;wlqQ us ¼mldk dqN tokc u fn;k½ mldks vius fny esa iks’khnk ¼Nqik;s½ j[kk vkSj mu ij t+kfgj u gksus fn;k exj ;s dg fn;k fd rqe yksx cM+s [k+kuk [k+jkc ¼cqjs vkneh½ gks ¼77½
vkSj tks ¼mlds HkkbZ dh pksjh dk gky c;ku djrs gks [k+qnk [kwc cokfd+Q gS ¼bl ij½ mu yksxksa us dgk ,s vt+ht+ ml ¼bCus ;kehu½ ds okfyn cgqr cw<+s ¼vkneh½ gSa ¼vkSj bldks cgqr pkgrs gSa½ rks vki mlds ,sot+ ¼cnys½ ge esa ls fdlh dks ys yhft, vkSj mldks NksM+ nhft, ¼78½
D;ksafd ge vkidks cgqr usdks dkj cqtZ+qx le>rs gSa ;wlqQ us dgk ekt+ vYykg ¼;s D;ksa dj gks ldrk gS fd½ geus ftldh ikl viuh pht+ ikbZ gS mls NksM+dj nwljs dks idM+ yssa ¼vxj ge ,slk djsa½ rks ge t+#j cM+s csbUlkQ Bgjs ¼79½
fQj tc ;wlqQ dh rjQ ls ek;wl gq, rks ckge e’kojk djus ds fy, vyx [kM+s gq, rks tks Ó[+l mu lc esa cM+k Fkk ¼;gwnk½ dgus yxk ¼Hkkb;ksa½ D;k rqe dks ekywe ugha fd rqEgkj okfyn us rqe yksxksa ls [k+qnk dk ,gn djk fy;k Fkk vkSj mlls rqe yksx ;wlqQ ds ckjs esa D;k dqN x+yrh dj gh pqds gks rks ¼HkkbZ½ tc rd esjs okfyn eq>s btkt+r ¼u½ nsa ;k [kqn [k+qnk eq>s dksbZ gqDe ¼u½ ns eS ml lj t+ehu ls gjfxt+ u gVwWxk vkSj [k+qnk rks lc gqDe nsus okyks ls dgha csgrj gS ¼80½
rqe yksx vius okfyn ds ikl iyV ds tkvks vkSj muls tkdj vt+Z djks ,s vCck vids lkgct+kns us pksjh dh vkSj ge yksxksa us rks viuh le> ds eqrkfcd+ ¼mlds ys vkus dk ,gn fd;k Fkk vkSj ge dqN ¼vt+Z½ x+Sch ¼vkQr½ ds fuxsgcku Fks ugha ¼81½
vkSj vki bl cLrh ¼feò½ ds yksxksa ls ftlesa ge yksx Fks nj;k¶+r dj yhft, vkSj bl d+kQys ls Hkh ftlesa vk, gSa ¼iwN yhft,½ vkSj ge ;d+huu fcYdqy lPps gSa ¼82½
¼x+jt+ tc mu yksxksa us tkdj c;ku fd;k rks½ ;kd+wc u dgk ¼mlus pksjh ugha dh½ cfYd ;s ckr rqeus vius fny ls x<+ yh gS rks ¼[k+Sj½ lcz ¼vkSj [k+qnk dk½ ÓqØ [k+qnk ls rks ¼eq>s½ mEehn gS fd esjs lc ¼yM+dksa½ dks esjs ikl igq¡pk ns cs’kd og cM+k okfdQ+ dkj gdhe gS ¼83½
vkSj ;kd+wc us mu yksxksa dh rjQ ls eq¡g Qsj fy;k vkSj ¼jksdj½ dgus yxs gk, vQlksl ;wlqQ ij vkSj ¼bl d+nj jks, fd½ mudh vk¡[ksa lnes ls lQsn gks xbZ og rks cM+s jat ds t+kfcr ¼>syus okys½ Fks ¼84½
¼;s ns[kdj muds csVs½ dgus yxs fd vki rks ges’kk ;wlqQ dks ;kn gh djrs jfg,xk ;gk¡ rd fd chekj gks tk,xk ;k tku gh ns nhft,xk ¼85½
;kd+wc us dgk ¼eS rqels dqN ugha dgrk½ eSa rks viuh csd+jkjh o jat dh f’kdk;r [k+qnk gh ls djrk gw¡ vkSj [k+qnk dh rjQ ls tks ckrsa eS tkurk gw¡ rqe ugha tkurs gks ¼86½
,s esjh Qjt+Un ¼,d ckj fQj feò½ tkvks vkSj ;wlqQ vkSj mlds HkkbZ dks ¼ftl rjg cus½ <w¡< ds ys vkvks vkSj [k+qnk dh jger ls uk mEehn u gks D;ksafd [k+qnk dh jger ls dkfQj yksxks ds flok vkSj dksbZ uk mEehn ugha gqvk djrk ¼87½
fQj tc ;s yksx ;wlqQ ds ikl x, rks ¼cgqr fxM+fxM+kdj½ vt+Z dh fd ,s vt+ht+ gedks vkSj gekjs ¼lkjs½ dqucs dks dgr dh otg ls cM+h rdyhQ gks jgh gS vkSj ge dqN FkksM+h lh iwath ysdj vk, gSa rks ge dks ¼mlds ,sot+ ij iwjk x+Yyk fnyok nhft, vkSj ¼d+her gh ij ugha½ ge dks ¼viuk½ lnd+k [kS+jkr nhft, blesa rks Ód ugha fd [k+qnk lnd+k [k+Sjkr nsus okyksa dks ttk, [k+Sj nsrk gS ¼88½
¼vc rks ;wlqQ ls u jgk x;k½ dgk rqEgsa dqN ekywe gS fd tc rqe tkfgy gks jgs Fks rks rqe us ;wlqQ vkSj mlds HkkbZ ds lkFk D;k D;k lqywd fd, ¼89½
¼ml ij og yksx pkSds½ vkSj dgus yxs ¼gk,½ D;k rqe gh ;wlqQ gks] ;wlqQ us dgk gk¡ eS gh ;wlqQ gw¡ vkSj ;g esjk HkkbZ gS cs’kd [k+qnk us eq> ij viuk Qt+y o ¼dje½ fd;k gS D;k blesa Ód ugha fd tks Ó[+l ¼mlls½ Mjrk gS ¼vkSj eqlhcr esa½ lcz djs rks [k+qnk gjfxt+ ¼,sls usdks dkjksa dk½ vtz cjckn ugha djrk ¼90½
og yksx dgus yxs [k+qnk dh d+le rqEgsa [k+qnk us ;d+huu ge ij Qt+hyr nh gS vkSj cs’kd ge gh ;d+huu ¼vt+ljrkik½ [k+rkokj Fks ¼91½
;wlqQ us dgk vc vkt ls rqe ij dqN bYt+ke ugha [k+qnk rqEgkjs xqukg ekQ Qjek, og rks lcls T+;knk jghe gS ;s esjk dqrkZ ys tkvks ¼92½
vkSj mldks vCck tku ds psgjs ij Mky nsuk fd og fQj chuk gks tk,Wxsa ¼ns[kus yxsaxs½ vkSj rqe yksx vius lc yM+ds ckyksa dks ysdj esjs ikl pys vkvks ¼93½
vkSj tks gh ;s dkfQ+yk feò ls pyk Fkk fd mu yksxksa ds okfyn ¼;kd+wc½ us dgk fn;k Fkk fd vxj eq>s lfB;k ;k gqvk u dgks rks ckr dgw¡ fd eq>s ;wlqQ dh cw ekywe gks jgh gS ¼94½
og yksx dqucs okys ¼iksrs ox+Sjkg½ dgus yxs vki ;d+huu vius iqjkus [k+;ky ¼eksgCcr½ esa ¼iM+s gq,½ gSa ¼95½
fQj ¼;wlqQ dh½ [kq’k[kcjh nsus okyk vk;k vkSj muds dqrsZ dks muds psgjs ij Mky fn;k rks ;kd+wc QkSju fQj nksckjk vk¡[k okys gks x, ¼rc ;kd+wc us csVksa ls½ dgk D;ksa eS rqels u dgrk Fkk tks ckrsa [kq+nk dh rjQ ls eS tkurk gw¡ rqe ugha tkurs ¼96½
mu yksxksa us vt+Z dh ,s vCck gekjs xqukgksa dh ex+fQjr dh ¼[k+qnk dh ckjxkg esa½ gekjs okLrs nqvk ekWfx, ge cs’kd vt+ljrkik xqusgxkj gSa ¼97½
;kd+wc us dgk eS cgqr tYn vius ijojfnxkj ls rqEgkjh ex+fQjr dh nqvk d#xk¡ cs’kd og cM+k c[+’kus okyk esgjcku gS ¼98½
¼x+jt+½ tc fQj ;s yksx ¼e; ;kdw+c ds½ pys vkSj ;wlqQ Ógj ds ckgj ysus vk, rks tc ;s yksx ;wlqQ ds ikl igq¡ps rks ;wlqQ us vius ek¡ cki dks vius ikl txg nh vkSj ¼muls½ dgk fd vc bU’kk vYykg cM+s bRfeuku ls feò esa pfy, ¼99½
¼x+jt+½ igq¡pdj ;wlqQ us vius ek¡ cki dks r[+r ij fcBk;k vkSj lc ds lc ;wlqQ dh rkt+he ds okLrs muds lkeus ltns esa fxj iM+s ¼ml oD+r½ ;wlqQ us dgk ,s vCck ;s rkchj gS esjs ml igys [+okc dh fd esjs ijojfnxkj us mls lp dj fn[kk;k cs’kd mlus esjs lkFk ,glku fd;k tc mlus eq>s d+Sn [k+kus ls fudkyk vkSj ckotwn fd eq> esa vkSj esjs HkkbZ;ksa esa ÓSrku us Qlkn Mky fn;k Fkk mlds ckn Hkh vki yksxksa dks xk¡o ls ¼’kgj esa½ ys vk;k ¼vkSj eq>ls feyk fn;k½ cs’kd esjk ijojfnxkj tks dqN djrk gS mldh rn~chj [kwc tkurk gS cs’kd og cM+k okfdQdkj gdhe gS ¼100½
¼mlds ckn ;wlqQ us nqvk dh ,s ijojfnxkj rwus eq>s eqYd Hkh vrk Qjek;k vkSj eq>s [okc dh ckrksa dh rkchj Hkh fl[kkbZ ,s vkleku vkSj t+ehu ds iSnk djus okys rw gh esjk ekfyd ljijLr gS nqfu;k esa Hkh vkSj vkf[k+jr esa Hkh rw eq>s ¼nqfu;k ls½ eqlyeku mBk;s vkSj eq>s usdks dkjksa esa Ókfey Qjek ¼101½
¼,s jlwy½ ;s fdLlk x+Sc dh [k+cjksa esa ls gS ftls ge rqEgkjs ikl ogh ds t+fj, Hkstrs gSa ¼vkSj rqEgsa ekywe gksrk gS ojuk ftl oD+r ;wlqQ ds HkkbZ ckge vius dke dk e’kojk dj jgs Fks vkSj ¼gykd dh½ rnchjs dj jgs Fks ¼102½
rqe muds ikl ekStwn u Fks vkSj fdrus gh pkgks exj cgqrsjs yksx beku ykus okys ugha gSa ¼103½
gkykWfd rqe muls ¼rcyhxs+ fjlkyr dk½ dksbZ flyk ugha ekWxrs vkSj ;s ¼d+qjku½ rks lkjs tgk¡u ds okLrs ulhgr ¼gh ulhgr½ gS ¼104½
vkSj vklekuksa vkSj t+ehu esa ¼[k+qnk dh d+qnjr dh½ fdruh fu’kkfu;k¡ gSa ftu ij ;s yksx ¼fnu jkr½ x+qt+kjk djrs gSa vkSj mlls eq¡g Qsjs jgrs gSa ¼105½
vkSj vDlj yksxksa dh ;s gkyr gS fd og [k+qnk ij beku rks ugha ykrs exj f’kdZ fd, tkrs gSa ¼106½
rks D;k ;s yksx bl ckr ls eqrebu gks cSBssa gSa fd mu ij [k+qnk dk vt+kc vk iM+s tks mu ij Nk tk, ;k mu ij vpkud d+;ker gh vk tk, vkSj mudks dqN [k+cj Hkh u gks ¼107½
¼,s jlwy½ mu ls dg nks fd esjk rjhdk rks ;s gS fd eS ¼yksxksa½ dks [k+qnk dh rjQ cqykrk gw¡ eSa vkSj esjk iSjo ¼ihNs pyus okys½ ¼nksuksa½ et+cwr nyhy ij gSa vkSj [k+qnk ¼gj ,sc o uqd+l ls½ ikd o ikdht+k gS vkSj eS eq’kjsdhu ls ugha gw¡ ¼108½
vkSj ¼,s jlwy½ rqels igys Hkh ge xk¡o gh ds jgus okys dqN enksZa dks ¼iSx+Ecj cukdj½ Hkstk fd, gS fd ge mu ij ogh ukft+y djrs Fks rks D;k ;s yksx #, t+ehu ij pys fQjs ugha fd x+kSj djrs fd tks yksx muls igys gks xqt+js gSa mudk vUtke D;k gqvk vkSj ftu yksxksa us ijgst+xkjh ,[+rs;kj dh muds fy, vkf[k+jr dk ?kj ¼nqfu;k ls½ ;d+huu dgha T;knk csgrj gS D;k ;s yksx ugha le>rs ¼109½
igys ds iSx+Ecjks us rcyhx+s fjlkyr ;gk¡ od fd tc ¼d+kSe ds beku ykus ls½ iSx+Ecj ek;wl gks x, vkSj mu yksxksa us le> fy;k fd og >qByk, x, rks muds ikl gekjh ¼[k+kl½ enn vk igq¡ph rks ftls geus pkgk utkr nh vkSj gekjk vt+kc xqusgxkj yksxksa ds lj ls rks Vkyk ugha tkrk ¼110½
blesa Ód ugha fd mu yksxksa ds fdLlksa esa vd+yeUnksa ds okLrs ¼vPNh [k+klh½ bcjr ¼o ulhgr½ gS ;s ¼d+qjku½ dksbZ ,slh ckr ugha gS tks ¼[okgkek [okg½ x<+ yh tk, cfYd ¼tks vklekuh fdrkcsa½ blds igys ls ekStwn gSa mudh rlnhd+ gS vkSj gj pht+ dh rQlhy vkSj bekunkjksa ds okLrs ¼vt+ljrkik½ fgnk;r o jger gS ¼111½

lwj, ;wlqQ+ [k+Re